There are numerous computers in modern cars, mostly integrated into control units. Here, microprocessors ensure optimized engine control or guarantee safety while driving. In our guide, you can find out where computers are hidden in the car and what functions they perform.

Every control unit is a small computer

Computers can be found in many places in the car. Microprocessors and controllers in the form of control units have been installed in vehicles for several decades. Each control unit is a small computer in its own right. The individual modules are networked with each other via interfaces and electronic systems and can exchange data. The individual structure of the hardware varies depending on the requirements and intended use.

The software in cars

The software used in cars differs depending on the system. Car manufacturers often specify certain framework conditions for suppliers in this regard. This ensures that the modules and systems can be easily integrated into different vehicles. For operating systems, developers often rely on proven industry solutions.

Computer for engine control

In modern cars, the drive motors installed in the vehicle are controlled purely electronically. Electronic control units have long been used for this purpose. The systems have microprocessors or microcontrollers and are equipped with integrated interfaces. The engine control computer receives important data via connected sensors.

Control of combustion engines

Without exception, modern combustion engines today are equipped with electronic engine control. The engine control unit required for this is already a small computer. It determines the amount of fuel injected as well as the optimum ignition timing. The software required for this is stored directly on a chip in the control unit.

Engine control in electric cars

The drive motors of electric cars are also controlled by control units in which a computer is integrated. In this way, the drive motor always delivers the required power, for example. In addition, corresponding computer systems monitor the charge status of the batteries and calculate the remaining range. The battery charging process is also monitored.

More safety through computers

Numerous safety-relevant functions in the car are also monitored or controlled by a computer. These include safety devices such as ABS or emergency brake assist, which can protect against accidents. Computer systems in the corresponding control units analyze the data from various sensors and trigger the necessary actions.

Environmental protection by computer

The computer integrated into the engine control unit not only ensures optimum engine running, it also reduces the environmental impact. To this end, the microcontroller-based system adapts the fuel quantity to the driving conditions and respective requirements. Exhaust gas aftertreatment via the catalytic converter is also analyzed and positively influenced accordingly.

The car’s on-board computer

One of the most widespread and longest installed computers in cars is the so-called on-board computer. This component has been in vehicles since the 1980s. Most drivers are familiar with the on-board computer as a display in the vehicle cockpit. Here, the computer shows current data and measured values of the vehicle in a way that is clearly visible to the driver.

Modern on-board computers as all-rounders

Today’s on-board computers often have a complex structure and are networked with numerous other systems in the car. They often form a central control element and also serve as a display for all vehicle statuses. In addition, on-board computers in modern vehicles often take on further tasks. These include, for example, the control of comfort functions.

Navigation and multimedia

The area of navigation and multimedia is also dominated by computers in modern cars. Targeted navigation by satellite in the form of a navigation system is now standard in most models. A computer system makes route guidance possible. This processes and evaluates the data from satellites as well as vehicle data and map data.

Infotainment in the car

Hardly any vehicle manufacturer today does without a so-called infotainment system. This computer-based system often combines the car radio and audio system with the navigation system and various assistance systems. The basis is a computer, which often has numerous interfaces. It is usually controlled via a touchscreen in the center console.

Software is gaining in importance

The software of modern in-car infotainment systems is often versatile and powerful. In addition to graphical processing of vehicle statuses or navigation data, it offers numerous additional functions, depending on the model. For example, some vehicles can score points with computer games or other programs. A connection to the smartphone is now standard.

Special requirements for in-car computers

Special requirements are placed on electronic systems and computers in cars. Unlike a computer in the office, the system components installed in vehicles are exposed to various heavy loads. These include, for example, vibrations while driving. The components must also be able to withstand the effects of heat and cold.

Manufacturers focus on reliability

When it comes to computer systems in cars, reliability is paramount. Unlike in other areas, the latest chips are therefore not always used. Performance is also not the focus when it comes to installation in the vehicle. What is important for car manufacturers are systems that are permanently resilient and particularly durable.

The future of computers in cars

In the opinion of many car manufacturers, the requirements for computers in cars will continue to change over the next few years. In future, computer systems will increasingly enable cars to be controlled safely without a driver. In addition, the software in cars should be able to be adapted more easily and more frequently over the life of the vehicle.